INTRODUCTION:
“The ground work of all happiness good health.”
Leigh
Hunt
Diseases are more common in the world; the person will
find out the causes of disease and try to take immediate action to prevent the
disease. Immediate awareness is the best way to save the life successfully.1
Blood flows through a network of specialized vessels
that can be broadly categorized at arteries capillaries and veins. Venules are
small veins that collect the blood leaving capillary network the two main
superficial veins varicose veins varicose vein is commonly occurs in the lower
extremities, the saphenous veins or the lower trunk, varicose vein occurs in up
to 60% of adult population in the united state, with an increased incidence
correlated with increased age.
The term “varicose” is derived from latin “varix”
(pleural varices) meaning bent. Varicose veins are tortuous, distended and
bulging vein (varicosities) beneath the skin of the legs. They are most often
swollen, gnarled veins that most frequently occur in the legs, ankles and feet.2.
Varicose veins are common in the superficial veins of
the legs which are subject to high pressure when standing. Accumulation of more
and more venous blood in the superficial venous system makes the superficial
veins dilated and tortuous. The condition of dilated and tortuous veins in the
leg due to damaged value between the deep and superficial venous system is
called varicose vein.
According to WHO approximately 2% of western
population have primary varicose vein, women is having 3-4 times more than men.
Varicose veins are less common in eastern population particularly Africans and
Indians. Statistics by country for prevalence of varicose veins is 45 per 1000.
It is approximately 1 in 22 or 12.2 million people in USA3.
Varicose veins is most common is women and in people whose
occupations women and in people whose occupations require prolonged standing,
teacher, traffic police, and pregnancy, obesity, female gender, use of hormonal
contraceptive pill, increasing age, congenital weakness in the vein structure.
Ache or pain after prolonged standing, pressure or
cramp like sensation in legs nocturnal leg cramps, muscle cramp ankle edema,
felling of heaviness of legs, increasing muscle fatigue, brownish blue shiny
skin discoloration around the veins aching are the clinical feature of varicose
vein.
Rest with the affected limb elevated, compression
stocking and exercise such as walking; sclerotherapy, elastic compression
stocking, thermal ablation and radiofrequency ablation are the medical
management surgical management include ligation and stripping of the veins with
or without phlebectomy.
We can prevent varicose veins by avoidance of
activities that causes venous stasis such as wearing constricting stocks that
are too thigh at the tip, crossing legs on thighs and sitting or standing for
long periods, changing the position frequently , elevating legs when they are
tier and getting up to walk for several minutes of every hours to promote
circulation, swimming is a good exercise and control your weigh avoid warning
high heeled shoes every day. A study was conducted on prevalence of varicose
vein among both sex in that 25% of the women and 18% of men suffer almost
2,00,000 population from varicose veins.
Varicose veins is a peripheral arterial disease, it is
dilated and tortuous veins in leg, the risk factors includes pregnancy, obesity
and prolonged standing or sitting in their occupation through preventive
measures the individuals can prevent the occurance of varicose veins.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding management
of varicose veins among industrial workers.
2. To determine association between knowledge regarding
varicose vein with their socio-demographic variables.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
A descriptive study was conducted by Dr. Rajan BPT on
occupational hazard on health of medical laboratory technicians and also
differentiates their extent of perception and toward impact of occupational
hazard on health on 2014. The study objective was to determine knowledge
regarding occupational hazard on health. They were selected 120 medical
laboratory technicians by simple random sampling technique. The study has
examined and differentiated 24 factors to understand the effect of occupational
hazard on health. The primary data have been collected using questionnaire
method. The secondary data have been collected from book, journals, and
websites. Both mean and standard derivation has been administered to analyses
the data. The researcher concluded that among 24 health related factors, 14
factors have equally been experienced by medical laboratory technicians working
in both kind of organization1.
An epidemiological study was conducted by Sizamekky on
varicose veins in women cotton worker on 1969. The study objective was find out
prevalence rate of varicose veins in women cotton workers in England and Egypt.
They were selected based on age, parity, body weight, type of corsetry and
occupation. interview sampling technique. After standardizing for the other
variables there was a statistically significant excess of varicose veins in
women wearing corsets and roll-ons compared with those wearing less
constrictive garments. The researcher conclude that a significant excess was
found in women who stood at their work compared with those jobs entailed
walking or sitting2.
A prospective study was conducted by Hannerz H on
prolonged standing at work and hospitalization due to varicose veins,
occupation environment on 2005. the study objective was to identify the
relation between prolonged standing at work and hospitalization due to varicose
vein in demark. A representative random sampling technique. They was selected
20 to 59 year old are employees. The research concluded that the employees with
the job that required prolonged standing or walking compared to all other employees
the relative was 1.75 fir men and 1.82 for women the pooled estimated of
relative risk was 1.78. The prolonged confirms that prolonged standing work
constituent and excess risk of hospital treatment due to varicose veins and
accounts for more than 1/5th of all cases of working age3.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Research methodology is way to systematic solving the
research problem. It may be understood as science studying how research in done
scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by
researcher in our research problem along with logical behind them. It is
necessary from the researches to know only the research methods / techniques
but also the methodology.
This chapter deals with methodology adopted for
assessing level of knowledge regarding the varicose veins among industrial
worker It included researcher approach, research design, setting of study,
sample population, sample technique, research setting, sample size, plan for
data analysis.
RESEARCH APPAROCH:
Quantitative research approach.
SETTING OF STUDY:
The study was conducted at J. K. Files
(khadpoli MIDC) industry, chiplun tal.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Descriptive design was used in the
study.
SAMPLE:
Sample for consist of industrial
workers.
SAMPLE SIZE:
The sample size comprised of 40
industrial workers in industry.
SAMPLE TECHNIQUE:
Convenient sampling technique.
VARIABLES:
Research variable: knowledge
regarding varicose veins among industrial workers.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SAMPLE:
1.
Inclusive criteria:
a.
Who are working in the standing
department.
b.
Who are attaint data collection.
c.
Who are interested in data
collection.
2.
Exclusive criteria:
a.
Who are not involved in the
standing department.
b.
Who are absent during data
collection.
c.
Who are not interested in data collection.
Duration:
The data collected period from 2 days
Procedure of Data Collection:
The researcher with the help of
guide selected industry which fulfilled inclusive criteria and also who have
industrial area. The was selected randomly by using lottery method for the main
study those were JK Files and tools industry, Chiplun. The research
investigator obtained the formal permission for conduct research study from the
authorities of the selected industrial, Chiplun.
The main study was conducted at industrial
area of selected industry, Chiplun from the 08/02/2017 up to 09/02/2017
planning of the time schedule as per the timings of activities of selected
industry were done.
Researcher introduced himself to
the subjects and explained the purpose and objectives of the study. Subjects
were taken into confidence and assured of confidentiality of their responses.
Informed consent was taken from them. The subjects were selected by using
non-probability, Convenient Sampling technique and those who were fulfilling
the criteria. Researcher selected 40 subjects from target population.
The tool 1) Part A- Selected
socio-demographic data,. 2) Part B- Structured knowledge questionnaire was
administered to assess the knowledge regarding selected Vericose veins among
subjects.
RESULT:
This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of
data to assess the knowledge regarding management of varicose vein among
industrial workers at J. K files company industry. A samples of 40 industrial
workers were selected for the study. The data collected were organized,
tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using the descriptive statistics and
described with the help of tables and figure.
PRESENTATION OF DATA:
To begin with the data was entered in a master sheet,
tabulation and statistical processing. The data is presented under the
following headings.
Table No. 1
Frequency and percentage distribution of samples according to demographic
variables.
Table No. 2Classification
of respondents based on levels of knowledge.
Table No.3
Mean, SD, Median, Range and Mean percentage knowledge of regarding management
of varicose veins
Table No. 4Association
between the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables regarding
management of varicose veins.
Table no.1.Frequency and percentage distribution
samples according to demographic variables. n=40
|
Sr. No
|
Demographic Variables
|
Frequency
|
Percentage
|
|
1
|
Age
|
|
|
|
a)
Less than 30 year
|
4
|
10%
|
|
b)
30 to 40 year
|
10
|
25%
|
|
c)
40 to 50 year
|
16
|
40%
|
|
d)
More than 50 years
|
10
|
25%
|
|
2
|
Working experience
|
|
|
|
a)
0 to 5 year
|
0
|
0%
|
|
b)
6 to 10 year
|
11
|
27.5%
|
|
c)
1 to 15 year
|
0
|
0%
|
|
d)
Above 16 year
|
29
|
72.5%
|
|
3
|
Source of information
|
|
|
|
a)
Mass media
|
8
|
20%
|
|
b)
Occupational health worker
|
18
|
45%
|
|
c)
Friends
|
6
|
15%
|
|
d)
Family doctor
|
8
|
20%
|
Table no. 1 shows that Age of industrial workers, 10%
from less than 30 years, 25% from 30 to 40 years, 40% from9th 40 to
50 years, and 25% from more than 5o years.
Table no.1 and shows that experience of industrial
workers, 0% from0 to 5 years, 27.5% from6 to 10 years 0% from 11 to 15 years
and 72.5% from Above 16 years
Table no. 1 and figure no. 3 shows that source of
information of industrial workers, 20% from mass media, 45% from occupational
health workers, 15% from friends, and 20% from family doctor.
Table no. 2 and figure no. 1 shows that the out of 40
industrial workers 15% respondents had excellent knowledge, 72.5% had good
knowledge and 12.5% had poor knowledge.
Table No.2- Classification respondents based on level
of knowledge n=40
|
Knowledge level
|
Category
|
Classification of respondent
|
|
Number
|
Percentage
|
|
Poor
|
Score 4 or below 4 marks
|
5
|
12.5%
|
|
Good
|
Score between 5-8 marks
|
29
|
72.5%
|
|
Excellent
|
Score between 9-12 marks
|
6
|
15%
|
Figure No.1 Percentage distribution of respondents
according to knowledge level
Table no.3 shows that knowledge of varicose veins, a
mean was 6.725, median was 7, SD was 1.67, mean percentage was 56%.
Table no. 4 shows that, the data was presented in
table show that, association between knowledge and demographic variables age,
experience of industrial workers, source of information. The agex2=13.985, df = 3, experience of industrial workers x2=
3.190, df=1, source of information x2 =15.35, df =3. Their is two
variables were significant and one variable was non significant with knowledge
score with selected demographic variables.
DISCUSSION:
The section deals about finding. This study evaluates
to assess the level knowledge regarding management of varicose veins among
industrial workers at J. K. Files industry, Chiplun. The data was collected and
analysed on the basics of objective, assumption, formulated for the study.
The first objective is to assess the level of
knowledge regarding management of varicose veins among industrial workers.
Overall knowledge categorized as poor (score 4 or
below 4 marks), good (score between 5 to 8 marks), and excellent (score between
9 to 12 marks), the table show that out of 40 sample 6 industrial workers (15%)
had excellent knowledge, 29 industrial workers had (72.5%) had good knowledge,
5 industrial workers (12.5%) had poor knowledge.
A descriptive study conducted by Merle Scott on 1951
on regarding to assess the prevalence of varicose vein in different
occupations. The was to obtain precise for the incidence of these conditions,
but any physician who treats adult patients knows the extreme frequency of the
occurrence. They were selected 1,000 young industrial employees. The researcher
concluded that the 10% had definite varicose veins. In a older group
departmental store employees all over 40, the incidence had risen to 40% among
the men and 70% among women11.
The second objective is to determine association
between knowledge regarding varicose veins with their socio-demographic
variable
Overall knowledge categorized as age, source of
information is significant association socio-demographic variable.
A descriptive study conducted by Elaine H on study
regarding defected and non defected leg. There were selected 2,70800 all
patient with current chronic varicose veins. The selected random sample
technique. The research conclude that the median duration of varicose veins was
significantly longer in patient with chronic patient than in acute Patient12.
CONCLUSION:
The overall knowledge about management of varicose
veins among industrial workers is adequate.
NURSING EDUCATION:
The finding of this study has implication for nursing
services, nursing education, nursing administration, nursing study.
NURSING SERVICE:
As member of health care team, the nurses play an
active role in promotion of health, prevention of disabilities, care of illness
and rehabilitation of deformities.
The study will help to improve the knowledge regarding
management of varicose veins among industrial workers and thus can help in
putting image of nursing profession in society.
NURSING EDUCATION:
In the changing of health care delivery system, since
the emphasis is shifted from care oriented approach nurse need to gain more
knowledge on various aspect of nursing as standard profession. In adequate
knowledge regarding management of varicose veins among industrial workers.
NURSING ADMINISTRATION:
Nursing administration must plan a separate budget for
continuing education program relatedto increasing knowledge of self - care in
society.
NURSING STUDY:
In the part of many actions of the nurses have been on
training or authorities which are no longer acceptable in the age of study
practice. Nurse should be able to justify they make and the care that they
provide study can help increase the body of public knowledge regarding nursing
profession. Study on knowledge can reveal significant finding that is need for
study based on standard of practice.
RECOMMENDETION:
1.
A similar study can replicate on a
larger sample with different demographic characteristics.
2.
A similar study may be replicated
with a control group.
3.
An exploratory study can be do to
assess the varicose veins problem in industrial workers.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I thank for the patience, constant interest and
continuous support throughout the study Her encouragement and suggestions had
the magical effect of making difficulties disappear and obstacles vanish.
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Lew K. Weaver F. Feiedc; varicose
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Benjamin W Van Voorhees, May
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Clark A, Harvey I, Fowkes FG.
Epidemiology and risk factor for varicose veins among older people:
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Tuchsen, H Hannerz, H Burr, N
Krause. Prolonged standing at work and hospitalization due to varicose veins:
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Hannerz H, BurrH and Krause N.
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Rong Liu, Yi Lin Kwok. The
effective graduated compression stocking in cutaneous surface pressure along
the path of main superficial vein of lower. A2006 Jun121. \
8.
SizaMekky, R.S.F. Schilling and
Joan Walfoard. Varicose veins in women cotton worker an epidemiological study
in England and Egypt. Br Med J 1969June 722.
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CJ Evan, FG Fowkers, CV Ruckley and
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10.
Padmavathi Gouda. New methods of
treat ing varicose veins , By our staff reporter. The Hindu 2004 April 1925.
11.
Merle Scott, W.J. Postphhebitic and
varicose vein stasis clinical result of treatment by pulsatile air pressure
principle 1951; 147 (13): 1195-1201.
12.
Fried Berg Elaine H, MargarctB.The
journal of varicose veins and continence nursing. 2002 July :29(4)
=13.985, df = 3, experience of industrial worker